Contracting Officer (CO)
The government official with legal authority to award, administer, and terminate contracts on behalf of a federal agency.
A Contracting Officer (CO) is the only government employee with legal authority to obligate the government by entering into, modifying, or terminating contracts. The CO holds a warrant — a formal written document issued by the agency — authorizing them to execute contracts up to a specified dollar threshold. Every government contractor should understand the CO's role before making any commitments.
The Warrant System
A CO can only act within the dollar limits and scope of their warrant. Any commitment made by a government employee without contracting authority is an unauthorized commitment. The government is generally not bound by such agreements, and the employee may be personally liable. Always confirm you are communicating with the actual CO when discussing contract terms.
Types of Contracting Officers
The Procuring Contracting Officer (PCO) awards the contract. The Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO) administers it after award, handling modifications, invoice approvals, and compliance oversight. The Terminating Contracting Officer (TCO) manages contract closeout and terminations. On smaller contracts a single CO often fills all three roles; on large programs each role may be separately staffed.
Working Effectively with the CO
Contracting officers value accuracy, responsiveness, and compliance. Submit invoices correctly and on time. Communicate proactively about performance risks before they become problems. Never make verbal agreements expecting them to bind the government. Route all requests for contract changes through the CO in writing, regardless of what a program manager or COR may suggest informally.
CO vs. COR
A Contracting Officer's Representative (COR) is designated by the CO to monitor performance technically but holds no contracting authority. A COR cannot direct changes that affect price, scope, or terms. If a COR asks you to perform work outside the contract, seek written CO authorization before proceeding.
Frequently asked questions
Can I make binding agreements with government employees other than the CO?
No. Only a warranted Contracting Officer can legally obligate the government. Verbal commitments, emails, or instructions from program managers, CORs, or agency leadership do not create binding contract obligations. Route all formal commitments through the CO in writing.
How do I find out who the Contracting Officer is?
The CO's name and contact information appear in the solicitation, usually on the cover page or in Section A. On existing contracts, the PCO and ACO are identified in the contract itself. SAM.gov opportunity notices often list the contracting office point of contact as well.